A driver model could generate different types of control inputs to the vehicle model, such as steering angle for each time step and braking behaviour as a deceleration value. This should be in line with real human drivers’ behaviours. A driver behaviour model is typically applied in the simulation in order to simulate the surrounding traffic. Besides the surrounding traffic, a driver behaviour model can steer also in the baseline the ego vehicle. This is typically the case if a relative comparison between a situation without AD (Baseline) and a situation with AD (Treatment) is conducted. Each traffic participant possesses its own adjustable driver behaviour model, which could vary according to the driving habits in different regions. Different types of driver behaviour models have been studied and designed, such as control perspective (Prokop, 2001), behaviour perspective (Markkula et al., 2012) and cognitive perspective (Wann & Wilkie, 2004; Fries et al., 2022; Fries et al., 2023). Finally, depending on the purpose of the simulation, the appropriate driver behaviour model should be used.
Main Question
Is a driver model used in the simulation?
Sub-Questions
- Does the driver behaviour model appropriately cover driving tasks?
- Is the driver behaviour model in line with driver behaviour of a skilled and attentive human drivers, even from different regions?
- Does the driver behaviour model cover the interaction of non-automated drivers to AVs?
References
- Prokop, G. (2001) ‘Modeling human vehicle driving by model predictive online optimization’, Vehicle System Dynamics, 35(1), pp. 19–53. doi: https://doi.org/10.1076/vesd.35.1.19.5614
- Markkula, G. et al. (2012) ‘A review of near-collision driver behavior models’, Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 54(6), pp. 1117–1143. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720812448474 (Accessed: 07 February 2024)
- Wann, J.P. and Wilkie, R.M. (2004) ‘How do we control high speed steering?’, Optic Flow and Beyond, pp. 401–419. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2092-6_18
- Fries, A. et al. (2023) ‘Modeling driver behavior in critical traffic scenarios for the safety assessment of automated driving’, Traffic Injury Prevention, pp. 105–110. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2023.2211187
- Fries, A. et al. (2022) ‘Driver Behavior Model for the Safety Assessment of Automated Driving’, IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV), Aachen, Germany, 04-09 June 2022. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/IV51971.2022.9827404