After a concept has been finalized, it’s essential to ensure the MRM is implemented correctly. This involves various V&V steps such as analysis, reviews, testing, and simulation to confirm the MRM’s completeness and accuracy. To carry out these verification tests, the test cases for the MRM must be defined in advance. These test cases should cover the full operation of the MRM, including various traffic and environmental conditions. Additionally, the test methods to be used for testing the MRM, such as test track, simulation, etc., must be determined.
For additional information, please refer to:
- “Safety first for automated driving”, (Wood et al. 2019)
- ISO technical report “Road vehicles — Safety and cybersecurity for automated driving systems — Design, verification and validation”, ISO/PRF TR 4804 (2020);
- “UN ECE ALKS Regulations”, (UN ECE ALKS 2021)
Ongoing standardisation acitvities:
- ISO/FDIS 23793-1 Intelligent transport systems — Minimal risk manoeuvre (MRM) for automated driving
- Under Proposal ISO/NP 23793-2 (Ed 2) Intelligent transport systems — Minimal risk manoeuvre (MRM) for automated driving — Part 2: Road shoulder stop — Minimum requirements and test procedures
Main Question
Are appropriate MRMs implemented to cover all the various scenarios and conditions required?
Sub-Questions
- Are different characteristics of MRM considered for different driving scenarios?
- Is an adequate and appropriate interaction with the driver (and with other road users, e.g. direction indicator) ensured by the MRM (relevant criteria: safety, driving experience, trust, situation awareness)?
- Is the MRM implemented according to the concept and its specification?
- Does the ADF reach the safe state after MRM?
- Is the MRM implementation tested sufficiently in different conditions (criteria: safety, performance, reliability / robustness)?
- Do the test cases consider all the different MRM activation conditions?
- Do the MRM test scenarios consider possible reactions of the surrounding road users?
- Is the MRM validated with respect to the safe state that the MRM achieves the end?
References
- ISO (2020) TR 4804: Road vehicles — Safety and cybersecurity for automated driving systems — Design, verification and validation. Available at: https://www.iso.org/standard/80363.html (Accessed: 18 October 2023)
- National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2018) The effects of medical conditions on driving performance. doi: 10.21949/1525932.
- UN Regulation No. 157 – Automated Lane Keeping Systems (ALKS). Available at: https://unece.org/transport/documents/2021/03/standards/un-regulation-no-157-automated-lane-keeping-systems-alks (Accessed: 12 February 2024)
- ISO FDIS 23793-1: Intelligent transport systems — Minimal risk manoeuvre (MRM) for automated driving Part 1: Framework, straight-stop and in-lane stop.(Under development) Available at: https://www.iso.org/standard/81711.html (Accessed: 22 May 2024)