Level L3 ADFs (and L4 at the end of the ODD) require the driver to take over the driving task in the event of system failures and malfunctions. Therefore, the drivers shall able to control the transitions to manual or assisted driving (and even vice-versa), avoiding safety critical consequences for themselves, passengers and other road users (Gold, 2017) and (Naujoks, 2018). From the L3-Pilot CoP, a definition of Controllability is the following: “likelihood that the driver can cope with driving situations including ADAS/AD-assisted driving, system limits and system failures”. In particular, it is dependent on:
– possibility, and driver’s capability, to perceive the criticality of a situation;
– the drivers capability to decide on appropriate countermeasures (e.g. override, system switch-off);
– the driver’s ability to perform the chosen countermeasure (e.g. reaction time, sensory-motor speed, accuracy).
Controllability is a key-requirement, because it is required by the safety of usage. Mofreover, controllability is a basic parameter in the automotive risk assessment (as described in the functional safety standard ISO/WD 26262-3 and in according to ISO/WD 26262).
During the definition phase, user needs regarding controllability should be taken into account. Relevant and applicable guidelines for the design of the HVI should be considered in the design phase, in order to ensure that they are in line with generally accepted standards and best practices, in view of the targeted user population.
Main Question
Are user needs regarding controllability taken into account in the definition phase?
Sub-Questions
- Is controllability of function limits / failures from L3 to lower levels of automation considered in the design phase?
- Are human factor design guidelines followed when defining user needs regarding these transitions?
- Are potential users of the ADF and samples for customer clinics selected based on adequate data (e.g. market research)?
References
- Gold, C., Naujoks, F., Radlmayr, J., Bellem, H., Jarosch, O. (2017) ‘Testing Scenarios for Human Factors Research in Level 3 Automated Vehicles’. International conference on applied human factors and ergonomics. Available at: https://www.springerprofessional.de/en/testing-scenarios-for-human-factors-research-in-level-3-automate/12465838 (Accessed 24 May 2024).
- Naujoks, F., Wiedemann, K., Schömig, N., Jarosch, O., & Gold, C. (2018) ‘Expert-based controllability assessment of control transitions from automate to manual driving. MethodsX, 5, pp.579–592. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2018.05.007.